テーマ 17
感情と気分.
Emotion, Mood & Feeling
帰国子女・インターナショナルスクール生のための、デジタルSAT の無料単語教材。独学で進められます。
読み込み中…
使ってみる — 4問
おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。
01
Critics of mid-century film scoring seldom complained that Alvarez's cues were excessive; they were brief, thinly orchestrated, and free of the weepy tone an earlier generation had favored. Audiences were not repelled by them either — the music slid pleasantly past. What made the scores was something subtler: every swell of strings had been engineered in advance to produce a tenderness the composer plainly did not feel.
cloying cloying は甘さの量が多すぎて嫌になることを指します。本文は「seldom complained that Alvarez's cues were excessive」「brief, thinly orchestrated」と過剰さをはっきり否定しているので合いません。
maudlin maudlin は涙もろい感傷を指します。本文は「free of the weepy tone an earlier generation had favored」と涙っぽさを明確に否定しています。
mawkish mawkish は感傷が度を越して不快になるレベルです。本文は「Audiences were not repelled by them either — the music slid pleasantly past」と不快感を否定しているので強すぎます。
saccharine 正解。「engineered in advance to produce a tenderness the composer plainly did not feel」とあり、甘さが計算でつくられた人工的なものだと分かります。saccharine はこの「わざとらしい、作り物めいた甘さ」を指す語です。
02
Throughout the 1919 negotiations, Marguerite Sauvé's face gave rival delegations nothing to read. It was not a grim face — no one came away feeling disapproved of — and it was not the face of someone gritting her way through pain, since the talks cost her nothing physically. Nor was she dull of feeling: her diaries record, hour by hour, how fiercely she wanted the settlement. The look was a technique, dropped the moment the doors closed.
dour dour は陰気で不機嫌な厳しさを表します。本文は「It was not a grim face — no one came away feeling disapproved of」と、その厳しさを直接否定しています。
impassive 正解。「gave rival delegations nothing to read」とあり、表情が何も示さない状態が求められています。impassive は「無表情」を非難の含みなく中立的に述べる語で、ここにぴったり合います。
stoic stoic は苦痛を黙って耐える称賛的な語です。本文は「it was not the face of someone gritting her way through pain, since the talks cost her nothing physically」と、耐えるべき苦痛がないことを示しています。
stolid stolid は感情が鈍いという軽い非難を含みます。本文は「Nor was she dull of feeling: her diaries record ... how fiercely she wanted the settlement」と、内面の感情がむしろ激しいことを示しています。
03
When the second night of data confirmed the signal, Hara told no one in the lab, and she let the week's group meeting pass without a word; there was no celebrating of any kind. She was all the same, and her notebook shows it: the handwriting speeds up, exclamation points crowd the margins, and one line reads simply, 'It is really there.' But the feeling never took her over — that same night she re-derived the error bars twice and caught a dropped sign in the third column — and it brought none of the floating, drugged lightness she had always imagined such a night would bring.
ecstatic 「But the feeling never took her over」と、感情に飲み込まれることはなかったと明記され、さらに同じ夜に「she re-derived the error bars twice and caught a dropped sign in the third column」と冷静な検算まで続けています。ecstatic は喜びに我を忘れる状態なので、この記述と正面からぶつかります。
elated 空所の直後に「the handwriting speeds up, exclamation points crowd the margins」とあり、気分が確かに高揚していたことが分かります。同時に「But the feeling never took her over」と、我を忘れるほどではない高まりだと限定されているので、程よく浮き立った状態を指す elated が合います。
euphoric 「it brought none of the floating, drugged lightness she had always imagined such a night would bring」と、ふわふわ浮くような陶酔感は無かったと本文がはっきり否定しています。euphoric はまさにその浮遊するような高揚を表す語なので、打ち消された中身そのものになってしまいます。
jubilant 「Hara told no one in the lab」で誰にも話さず、「there was no celebrating of any kind」と祝う行為も一切なく、喜びは notebook の中にしか現れていません。jubilant は外に出して沸き立つ祝賀の喜びなので、この場面には当てはまりません。
04
The first three expeditions sent to time the transit ended in cloud and broken instruments, and Boucher returned to Paris — but only for a season. He never argued that the measurement was impossible, merely that it had not yet been made. His colleagues at the Observatory kept writing to him through the winter and went on setting a place for him at their weekly dinners, and by spring he was back at the instruments.
abject abject は完全に打ちのめされ絶望しきった状態を表す最も強い語です。春には復帰し、「He never argued that the measurement was impossible」とある本文には強すぎます。
despondent despondent は希望を失って沈み込むことです。本文は「He never argued that the measurement was impossible, merely that it had not yet been made」と、彼が希望を捨てていないことをはっきり示しています。
disheartened 正解。「but only for a season」、そして「by spring he was back at the instruments」から、気力を一時的に失っただけだと分かります。disheartened はこの一時的で回復可能な落ち込みを表します。
forlorn forlorn は見捨てられた寂しさが中心の語です。本文の「His colleagues ... kept writing to him ... and went on setting a place for him at their weekly dinners」は、彼が見捨てられていないことを示しています。
Emotion, Mood & Feeling — 54語54 words
このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。
Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.
内訳：よい意味 15語 ／ わるい意味 24語 ／ 中立 15語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。
15 positive, 24 negative, 15 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.
| 語Word | 向き+/− | 強さStrength | 意味Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| abject adj | − | ●●● | utterly wretched and hopeless — 惨めで絶望的 |
| aggrieved adj | − | ●● | feeling wronged and resentful — 不当だと憤る |
| ambivalent adj | 0 | ● | pulled in two directions by opposing feelings — 相反する感情 |
| amorous adj | 0 | ●● | showing romantic or sexual love — 色恋めいた |
| anguish n | − | ●●● | intense mental or physical suffering — 激しい苦悩 |
| anxiety n | − | ●● | uneasy worry about what may happen — 不安 |
| callous adj | − | ●●● | hardened against the suffering of others — 冷酷で無情 |
| cherish v | ＋ | ●● | to hold dear and protect — 大切にする |
| cloying adj | − | ●● | so sweet or sentimental that it repels — 甘ったるい |
| covet v | − | ●● | to want badly what belongs to someone else — 人の物を欲しがる |
| daunting adj | − | ●● | intimidating enough to sap your nerve — ひるませる |
| despondent adj | − | ●●● | sunk in hopelessness — 意気消沈希望を失って沈んだ状態で、disheartened より深刻です。despondent is hope already gone; disheartened is spirit knocked down but not out. |
| discomfit v | − | ● | to unsettle or throw off balance — 動揺させる |
| disgruntled adj | − | ● | sulkily dissatisfied — 不満げ |
| disheartened adj | − | ●● | drained of spirit — 気力を失う気力が落ちた状態で、despondent より一時的で軽いです。disheartened is a temporary loss of spirit you can recover from; despondent is settled hopelessness. |
| dour adj | − | ●● | grim and joyless — 陰気で厳しい |
| ecstatic adj | ＋ | ●●● | overwhelmed with joy — 有頂天 |
| elated adj | ＋ | ●● | lifted into high spirits — 浮き立つ気分が高揚した状態で、ecstatic より一段軽いです。elated is spirits lifted high; ecstatic is one step further, joy that overwhelms you. |
| emote v | 0 | ● | to display feeling openly — 感情を表に出す |
| empathy n | ＋ | ●● | feeling another person's experience as if it were yours — 共感 |
| enamor v | ＋ | ●● | to fill with love or fascination — 夢中にさせる |
| equanimity n | ＋ | ●● | calm steadiness under pressure — 平常心 |
| euphoric adj | ＋ | ●●● | intensely happy and light — 陶酔的な高揚 |
| exult v | ＋ | ●● | to rejoice openly — 歓喜する |
| flabbergasted adj | 0 | ●●● | struck speechless with surprise — 唖然とする |
| forlorn adj | − | ●● | abandoned and without hope — 寂しく絶望的見捨てられた寂しさが中心で、despondent の絶望とは焦点が違います。forlorn centers on being left alone and abandoned; despondent centers on having no hope, with no one else in the picture. |
| harrowing adj | − | ●●● | deeply distressing to go through — 悲惨で辛い |
| impassive adj | 0 | ●● | showing no feeling at all — 無表情表情に出ないだけの中立的な描写で、stolid のような非難は入りません。impassive just reports that nothing shows on the face; stolid says the same thing as a criticism. |
| inclination n | 0 | ● | a natural leaning toward something — 傾向 |
| jubilant adj | ＋ | ●●● | openly rejoicing — 歓喜に沸く外に現れる祝賀の喜びで、euphoric は内面の陶酔感です。jubilant is joy you can see and hear, celebrating out loud; euphoric is the high felt inside. |
| maudlin adj | − | ●● | weepily sentimental — 涙もろく感傷的涙もろい感傷で、mawkish ほど不快ではありません。maudlin is tearful, self-indulgent sentiment; mawkish is sentiment pushed far enough to sicken the reader. |
| mawkish adj | − | ●●● | sentimental to the point of being sickly — 感傷的で不快感傷が度を越して不快なレベルで、maudlin より強い非難です。mawkish condemns sentiment for being sickly; maudlin only calls it weepy. |
| morose adj | − | ●● | gloomy and withdrawn — 不機嫌で陰気 |
| nonchalant adj | 0 | ● | coolly unconcerned — 平然と無関心 |
| pathos n | 0 | ●● | a quality that stirs pity — 哀れを誘う力 |
| penchant n | 0 | ● | a strong liking for something — 好み趣味的な好みで、proclivity のような悪い含みはありません。a penchant is a harmless taste for something; proclivity usually points at a tendency someone disapproves of. |
| poignant adj | ＋ | ●● | touching in a way that lingers — 心に染みる |
| predilection n | 0 | ● | an established preference — 決まった好み以前から定まった選好を指し、penchant は行動に出やすい癖です。a predilection is a preference you settled into long ago; a penchant is a liking that keeps showing up in what you actually do. |
| prepossessing adj | ＋ | ●● | attractive; making a good first impression — 好印象を与える |
| proclivity n | 0 | ●● | a strong natural tendency — 生来の性向悪い傾向に使われがちで、penchant は無害な好みを指します。proclivity is usually reserved for a tendency toward something bad; penchant names a liking nobody objects to. |
| propensity n | 0 | ●● | a built-in inclination — 生まれつきの癖行動に出やすい傾向を中立に述べ、proclivity は悪い性向に偏ります。propensity names a tendency to act and passes no judgment on it; proclivity leans toward tendencies worth criticizing. |
| relish v | ＋ | ● | to take keen pleasure in — 味わって楽しむ |
| revel v | ＋ | ●● | to take great delight in something — 大いに楽しむ |
| saccharine adj | − | ●● | sweet in a forced, artificial way — わざとらしい甘さ作り物めいた甘さを指し、cloying は量の過剰さを指します。saccharine is sweetness that reads as fake; cloying is sweetness that is simply too much of it. |
| sanguine adj | ＋ | ● | cheerfully optimistic — 楽観的 |
| staid adj | − | ● | serious and unadventurous — 堅苦しい |
| stoic adj | ＋ | ●● | enduring pain without complaint — 黙って耐える痛みに耐える姿勢への称賛で、stolid の鈍さとは違います。stoic praises the calm of someone bearing pain; stolid faults the same unmoved surface as dullness. |
| stolid adj | − | ●● | showing almost no emotion — 鈍感で無感情感情が鈍いという軽い非難で、impassive は中立的です。stolid is a mild criticism for being emotionally dull; impassive reports the same blank surface without judging it. |
| stupefy v | 0 | ●● | to stun into disbelief — 呆然とさせるstupefy は「人を呆然とさせる」、flabbergasted は「驚いて言葉を失っている」です。stupefy は相手にすること、flabbergasted は自分の状態です。stupefy is something you do to another person, while flabbergasted describes the state you end up in. |
| tremulous adj | − | ●● | shaky with fear or nerves — 不安で震える |
| trepidation n | − | ●● | nervous dread of what is ahead — 不安な恐れ |
| vicarious adj | 0 | ● | experienced secondhand through someone else — 疑似体験の |
| wallow v | − | ●● | to indulge in a feeling instead of moving on — 感情に浸りきる |
| wistful adj | 0 | ● | quietly longing for something lost — 切なく懐かしむ |
おぼえた語を、実際の設問で選べるようにする手順です。向きと強さで絞る練習をここでします。