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テーマ 18

活力と無気力.

Energy, Calm & Lethargy

帰国子女・インターナショナルスクール生のための、デジタルSAT の無料単語教材。独学で進められます。

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使ってみる — 4問

おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。

  1. 01

    Desert toads spend most of the year buried, and the biologist Marisol Venn set out to measure how far their systems actually shut down. The animals she excavated in midsummer were not simply slow: several failed to stir at all when she lifted them, turned them over, and set them back down, and their breathing had fallen to a few faint movements an hour. Venn is careful to call this state       rather than restful, because nothing she tried at the burrow — light, noise, repeated handling — produced any response at all.

  2. 02

    The astronomer Yemi Okonjo is known to her graduate students for a flat, unhurried lecturing manner; she reads from her slides and rarely raises her voice. The week her team confirmed the array's first clean signal, however, merely calling her animated would have understated things: she was       about the result, bursting into colleagues' offices unannounced, telephoning her old adviser after midnight, and reciting the error bars to anyone who slowed down enough to listen.

  3. 03

    Curators at the Brantford Museum had expected a long negotiation. The collector who owned the four painted panels had refused two earlier requests, and the letter asking to borrow them for the 1958 retrospective was drafted to allow for months of persuasion. He answered the next morning, arranged shipping himself, and had the crates on a train before the end of the week; the exhibition's organizers still cite his       as the reason the show opened on schedule.

  4. 04

    When Hartsville began licensing night markets in 1931, the complaints that reached the city council were strikingly uniform. Police reports from the same seasons describe the crowds as orderly and unhurried, shuffling from stall to stall, and record almost no arrests; what residents two streets away objected to was the sound itself — vendors' handbells, competing radios, and iron cart wheels on brick, combining into a harsh metallic din they said could not be shut out. The market, in short, was       without ever being unruly.

Energy, Calm & Lethargy — 30語30 words

このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。

Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.

内訳：よい意味 12語 ／ わるい意味 8語 ／ 中立 10語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。

12 positive, 8 negative, 10 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.

語Word向き+/−強さStrength意味Meaning
alacrity n＋●●cheerful eagerness and speed — 喜んで素早く
animated adj＋●full of life and movement — 生き生きした
apathetic adj−●●unable to summon interest or concern — 無関心な
ardor n＋●●●burning enthusiasm — 燃える熱意
boisterous adj0●●noisy and full of rough energy — 騒がしく元気
cavort v0●●to leap around playfully — はしゃぎ回る
dormant adj0●inactive for now but able to wake — 休眠中の
ebullient adj＋●●●bubbling over with enthusiasm — はじけるほど陽気
effervescent adj＋●●lively and bubbly — 泡のように快活ebullient が内から噴き出す熱意なのに対し、effervescent は振る舞いの軽やかな明るさです。ebullient is enthusiasm bursting out from inside; effervescent is a light, bright liveliness in how someone behaves.
enervate v−●●to drain of strength — 力を奪う
ennui n−●●●listless boredom with everything — 倦怠感apathetic が関心の欠如を指すのに対し、ennui は何もかもに飽きた倦怠感そのものです。apathetic is the absence of interest; ennui is the heavy weariness of someone who has grown bored of everything.
fervent adj＋●●●burning with feeling — 熱烈な
frenetic adj−●●●fast and frantic — 狂ったように忙しい
indefatigable adj＋●●●never tiring — 疲れ知らず
languid adj0●●slow and drooping with fatigue — けだるいlethargic が無気力を責める語なのに対し、languid は優雅なけだるさにも使えます。lethargic is a criticism of someone's sluggishness; languid can describe a slow, graceful, even attractive weariness.
lethargic adj−●●sluggish and hard to rouse — 無気力でだるい
obstreperous adj−●●●noisy and unruly — 騒いで手に負えない
phlegmatic adj0●●hard to excite or move — 動じない
placid adj0●undisturbed and still — 穏やかなserene と違い、人に使うと落ち着きではなく鈍さの意味に傾くことがあります。serene is calm you admire, but placid applied to a person can read as dull and unreactive rather than peaceful.
raucous adj−●●harshly loud and rowdy — 耳障りに騒々しいboisterous が元気のいい騒がしさなのに対し、raucous は耳障りで荒れた響きです。boisterous is rough, energetic noise no one is condemning; raucous is loudness harsh enough to grate on the ear.
repose v0●to rest — 休む
sedentary adj0●sitting still most of the time — 座りがちな
serene adj＋●●calm and untroubled — 静かで安らか
sobriety n＋●●seriousness and self-control — 真面目さと自制
somnolent adj0●drowsy — 眠そうな
torpid adj−●●●sluggish to the point of stillness — 動かないほど鈍いlethargic が揺り起こせるだるさなのに対し、torpid は動きが止まったような鈍さです。lethargic is sluggishness you can still be shaken out of; torpid is slowed almost to a standstill.
tranquil adj＋●●peacefully quiet — 静かで平穏serene が人の心の落ち着きを指すのに対し、tranquil は場所や時間の静けさに使います。serene describes a calm that sits inside a person; tranquil describes the quiet of a place or a stretch of time.
vehement adj0●●●expressed with forceful intensity — 激しく強硬な善悪は含まず、感情の強さだけを表します。文脈で称賛にも非難にもなります。vehement says only how forceful the feeling is, not whether it is right or wrong, so context decides whether it praises or condemns.
vivacious adj＋●●lively and high-spirited — 快活で明るい
zealous adj＋●●●fervently committed to a cause — 熱心に打ち込むfervent が感情の熱さなのに対し、zealous は大義に打ち込む行動を指します。fervent is the heat of the feeling itself; zealous is throwing yourself into acting for a cause.
次にやること
Words in Context 文脈から語を選ぶ・12問

おぼえた語を、実際の設問で選べるようにする手順です。向きと強さで絞る練習をここでします。