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テーマ 38

人と社会.

People, Society & Custom

帰国子女・インターナショナルスクール生のための、デジタルSAT の無料単語教材。独学で進められます。

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使ってみる — 4問

おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。

  1. 01

    For nearly two centuries the weavers of Aldmoor traded only among themselves; the guild's charter forbade any member from selling to, or apprenticing with, a workshop beyond the valley. Historians long explained the settlement's       character as an accident of terrain. Recent readings of the charter suggest otherwise, since the mountain passes stayed open year-round and the restriction was written, debated, and renewed by the weavers themselves.

  2. 02

    In several Greek city-states, a citizen who had grown too powerful could be voted out of the city for ten years without ever being charged with a crime. Scholars still argue about whether this       worked as a safety valve, draining off rivalries before they hardened into civil war, or as a weapon that ambitious men turned on one another. What is not in doubt is that the assembly treated it as a procedure, complete with a set day, a required number of votes, and a fixed term of exile.

  3. 03

    The 1721 inventory of Pieter Maas's Delft workshop lists lathes, glass-cutting wheels, and a kiln, and the ledgers record payments for silver clasps as often as for mended chairs, every order entered under his own name rather than another master's. Maas is best described as a general      : he took whatever commission the street brought him and learned the tool the job required.

  4. 04

    Sarah Winnemore resigned a salaried post at the Hartlee Observatory in 1889 and spent the next eleven years charting tide patterns along a coast no institution would pay her to visit. Her letters treat the work not as employment but as her      : she writes that she would have kept at it had no salary, title, or reader ever attached to it. Colleagues who dismissed the move as a retreat from serious science overlooked how much more she published in those years than in the decade before.

People, Society & Custom — 21語21 words

このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。

Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.

内訳:よい意味 5語 / わるい意味 5語 / 中立 11語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。

5 positive, 5 negative, 11 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.

語Word向き+/−強さStrength意味Meaning
amenity n+●a feature that adds comfort or convenience — 快適な設備
anonymous adj0●of unknown name or identity — 匿名の
artifact n0●an object left behind by a past culture — 遺物
artisan n+●●a skilled craftsman — 職人
asylum n0●●a place of protection; also, an institution for the mentally ill — 避難所避難所の意味と精神科施設の意味があり、文脈で印象が変わります。asylum carries two senses at once: a refuge someone escapes to, and a psychiatric institution someone is placed in, so the surrounding sentence decides whether it reads as protection or confinement.
bourgeois adj−●●middle-class in values and taste — 中流的で俗っぽい
carouse v−●●to drink and celebrate loudly — 飲み騒ぐ
caucus n0●a meeting of people with a shared goal — 内輪の会合
cobbler n0●a person who makes or mends shoes — 靴職人artisan は職人一般、cobbler は靴に限ります。artisan covers skilled handwork of any kind; cobbler narrows it to one trade, shoes.
convene v0●to call a group together — 招集するconvene は招集する動作、caucus はその会合そのものです。convene is the act of calling the group together; a caucus is the meeting itself once it has gathered.
cosmopolitan adj+●●at home anywhere in the world — 国際的なcosmopolitan は世界のどこでも通じる感覚、nomadic は実際に移動し続けることです。cosmopolitan is being at ease anywhere in the world; nomadic is physically moving from place to place, with no claim about feeling at home.
excursion n0●a short trip — 小旅行
hierarchy n0●●a system of ranks from top to bottom — 上下の序列
insular adj−●●closed off from outside influence — 閉鎖的なbourgeois は趣味や価値観が平凡なこと、insular は外の世界を受け入れない狭さです。bourgeois criticizes someone's tastes and values as conventionally middle-class; insular criticizes them for being shut off from anything outside their own circle.
mores n0●●the fixed customs and moral attitudes of a group — 慣習と道徳
nomadic adj0●moving from place to place — 移動生活の
ostracism n−●●●shutting someone out of a group — 集団からの排斥
pariah n−●●●an outcast — のけ者pariah は排除された人、ostracism はその行為です。a pariah is the person who has been shut out; ostracism is the act of shutting them out.
surrogate n0●someone acting in place of another — 代理人
utopia n+●●●an imagined place of perfection — 理想郷
vocation n+●●the work someone is called to do — 天職
次にやること
Words in Context 文脈から語を選ぶ・12問

おぼえた語を、実際の設問で選べるようにする手順です。向きと強さで絞る練習をここでします。