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テーマ 37

性質・感覚・動き.

Physical Properties, Senses & Motion

帰国子女・インターナショナルスクール生のための、デジタルSAT の無料単語教材。独学で進められます。

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使ってみる — 4問

おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。

  1. 01

    Planet formation begins with dust. In the debris disk circling a young star, grains meet at low speeds and are held in place by static charge; over millions of years, thousands of separate clumps       into a single rocky body. No outside force squeezes them, and nothing melts or cools along the way — the material stays solid from first grain to finished planet.

  2. 02

    A mustard seed carries its chemical defense in two separate compartments. Crushing the seed breaks the wall between them, and within seconds an enzyme converts a stored compound into a gas       enough to bring tears to the eyes of anyone leaning over the mortar. The seeds used in the experiment had been harvested that morning, and chemists found no sign of spoilage or decay in the oil they contained.

  3. 03

    When a Roman emperor was condemned after his death, the Senate could order his name cut from public monuments. The masons did not simply scratch at the letters until they grew faint; they cut the stone away to a depth of several centimeters, and they left those raw rectangular hollows plainly in view, unsmoothed and unfilled, so that every passerby for the next three centuries could see exactly where a name had stood. The chisels were only half the sentence. Clerks went through the archives, the dated contracts, and the rolls of office hunting down every copy of the name, and the aim of that second labor was to       the man from the official record entirely, as though he had never held office.

  4. 04

    Gold leaf has covered domes and manuscripts for three thousand years, and the reason is mechanical rather than aesthetic. Bending without breaking is not the point: a copper wire can be doubled over and straightened again without snapping, yet no amount of bending makes it one millimeter wider. Gold answers the hammer instead. A single gram of the metal, worked under a hammer, spreads into a sheet wide enough to cover a small table without tearing at any point; gold is       in a way that no other common metal matches. The beaten leaf does not spring back toward its earlier form the way a bent wire does, and it is stiff enough to hold the exact outline the tool leaves.

Physical Properties, Senses & Motion — 64語64 words

このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。

Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.

内訳：よい意味 12語 ／ わるい意味 15語 ／ 中立 37語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。

12 positive, 15 negative, 37 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.

語Word向き+/−強さStrength意味Meaning
agile adj＋●●quick and nimble in movement — 身軽で素早い
aisle n0●a passageway between rows of seats — 座席間の通路
amorphous adj0●●having no definite shape — 形が定まらない
audible adj0●loud enough to be heard — 聞き取れる
buffet v−●●to strike repeatedly, as wind does — 何度も打ちつける
calibrate v0●to adjust an instrument to a standard — 目盛りを調整する
circuitous adj−●●taking a long, winding route — 遠回りの
circumscribed adj0●●kept within set limits — 範囲が限られた
cleave v0●●●to split apart; confusingly, also to cling tightly — 裂く／しがみつく文脈で真逆になります。裂くのか離れないのか、周りの語で判断します。cleave flips with context: it can mean split apart or cling tightly, so let the surrounding words tell you which one is meant.
coagulate v0●●to thicken into a clot — 血などが固まる血が塊になることです。congeal は冷えて全体が固まる場合に使います。coagulate is a liquid clumping into a clot, the way blood does; congeal is a whole liquid setting into a solid as it cools.
coalesce v0●●to come together into one mass — 一つにまとまる別々のものが合わさることです。coagulate は液体そのものが固まることです。coalesce is separate things merging into one mass; coagulate is a single liquid thickening within itself.
combustion n0●●the process of burning — 燃焼
compound v0●●to combine parts; also, to make worse by adding to — 重ねる／悪化させる中立の「組み合わせる」と否定的な「さらに悪化させる」の両方に使います。compound runs both ways: neutral when it means combine parts, negative when it means add to a problem and make it worse.
compress v0●●to squeeze into less space — 押し縮める
conduit n0●a channel through which something flows — 流れる通り道
confection n0●an elaborate sweet — 凝った菓子
congeal v0●●to set into a solid or semi-solid — 冷えて固まる
corrosive adj−●●●tending to eat away at a surface — 腐食させる
desiccated adj−●●●dried out completely — 干上がった
diaphanous adj＋●●so fine you can see through it — 透けるほど薄い
diffuse v0●to spread out and thin — 薄く広がる
dispatch v0●●to send off on an errand or duty — 急ぎ送り出す
dispel v＋●●to drive away a rumor, fear, or cloud — 払いのける噂や不安を追い払います。disperse は物や人を四方に散らすことです。dispel drives off something with no solid form, a rumor, a fear, or a cloud; disperse scatters people or objects in all directions.
disperse v0●●to scatter in all directions — 四方に散らす
dissipate v0●●to fade away; also, to squander — 消え散る／浪費する霧や熱が消える意味と、財産を浪費する否定的な意味があります。dissipate is neutral when fog or heat fades away, but negative when it means squandering money or a fortune.
efface v0●●to rub out all trace of something — 跡を消す
excavate v0●●to dig out and remove — 掘り出す
expunge v0●●●to wipe from the record entirely — 記録から抹消するexpunge は記録から完全に消すことです。efface は物が残した跡を消すことです。use expunge when something is being wiped from a record, efface when what disappears is the mark or trace a thing left behind.
extricate v＋●●to work free from a tangle — 絡みから助け出す
fetid adj−●●●foul-smelling — ひどい悪臭の
flaccid adj−●●limp and lacking firmness — 張りがない締まりがなく否定的です。pliable は柔軟で良い意味に使います。flaccid is limpness that has lost its firmness and is always a criticism; pliable is bending without breaking and is praise.
gourmand n0●someone who loves eating and drinking — 食い道楽の人
impervious adj0●●impossible to penetrate or affect — 通さない／動じない
impinge v−●●to press upon or encroach on — 領分を侵す
impregnable adj＋●●●too strong to be broken into — 攻め落とせない要塞のように物理的に破れないことです。impervious は影響を受けない程度で弱めです。impregnable describes something that holds out against attack, like a fortress; impervious describes something nothing gets through or gets to, with no attacker involved.
incarnate adj0●●given bodily form — 化身となった
inextricable adj−●●●hopelessly tangled together — 解けないほど絡む
infusion n0●the introduction of one thing into another — 注ぎ込むこと
inviolable adj＋●●●safe from attack or violation — 侵してはならない権利や約束など抽象的なものに使います。impregnable は物理的な堅さです。inviolable is for rights, promises, and other abstract things that must not be violated; impregnable is for physical defenses.
knell n−●●●the slow tolling of a bell, often for a death — 弔いの鐘
luminous adj＋●●giving off light — 光を放つ
malleable adj0●●able to be shaped; easily influenced — 形を変えやすい打って形を変えられることです。pliable は折れずに曲がる柔らかさです。malleable is being hammered or pressed into a new shape, and of a person being easily influenced; pliable is giving way under pressure without snapping.
noisome adj−●●offensive, especially in smell — 不快な臭いのnoisy とは無関係です。fetid は臭いだけ、noisome は不快さ全般を指します。noisome has nothing to do with noise; fetid is about bad smell alone, while noisome covers anything offensive, smell included.
palatable adj＋●acceptable to the taste — 口に合う
permeate v0●●to spread through every part — 隅々に染み渡る
pervasive adj0●●●found everywhere in something — 全体に行き渡った
pliable adj＋●bending without breaking — 折れずに曲がる
potable adj0●safe to drink — 飲んで安全な飲んで安全という意味です。palatable は味が受け入れられることです。potable is about whether water is safe to drink; palatable is about whether the taste is acceptable.
pungent adj0●●sharp in smell or taste — 鼻や舌を刺す刺激が強いだけで腐敗は含みません。putrid は完全に腐った状態です。pungent is a sharp smell or taste with nothing rotten about it; putrid means the thing has actually gone rotten.
putrid adj−●●●rotten — 腐りきった腐敗を表す最も強い語です。rancid は油や乳製品の傷みに使います。putrid is the strongest word for rot; rancid is reserved for fats, oils, and dairy that have spoiled.
rancid adj−●●spoiled in taste or smell — 脂が傷んだ
refract v0●to bend light as it passes through something — 光を曲げる
refurbish v＋●●to restore to good condition — 修理して一新する
renovate v＋●●to repair and improve a building — 建物を改修する建物に使います。refurbish は家具や設備を手直しする場合に使います。renovate is for buildings; refurbish is for furniture, fittings, and equipment brought back to good condition.
sensual adj0●●appealing to the senses, often sexually — 官能的な性的な含みが強い語です。sensuous は音楽や布地など心地よい感覚に使います。sensual carries a physical, often sexual appetite; sensuous is for rich sense pleasure such as music or fabric, with no sexual suggestion.
sensuous adj＋●●richly pleasing to the senses — 感覚に心地よい
sinuous adj0●●winding and snakelike — 蛇のようにうねる
soluble adj0●able to dissolve — 溶けやすい
torrid adj−●●●scorchingly hot; also, passionate — 焼けつく暑さtortuous と綴りが似ていますが、意味は「猛烈に暑い」です。torrid looks like tortuous but has nothing to do with twists: it means scorching hot, or passionate.
tortuous adj−●●full of twists and turns — 曲がりくねった道や論理が複雑に折れ曲がることです。circuitous は単に遠回りなだけです。tortuous is a road or an argument full of twists; circuitous is simply the long way round.
transmute v0●●to change one substance into another — 別の物質に変える
undulate v0●to move in waves — 波打つ
viscous adj0●●thick and slow to flow — どろりと粘る
yoke v−●●to join two things together — 無理に繋ぐ
次にやること
Words in Context 文脈から語を選ぶ・12問

おぼえた語を、実際の設問で選べるようにする手順です。向きと強さで絞る練習をここでします。