テーマ 14
同意と拒否.
Agreement, Unity & Refusal
帰国子女・インターナショナルスクール生のための、デジタルSAT の無料単語教材。独学で進められます。
読み込み中…
使ってみる — 4問
おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。
01
When the observatory's directors reassigned its largest telescope to stellar photography in 1911, the junior astronomers on the staff privately thought the decision a mistake, yet not one of them filed an objection. No one had asked for their consent, and no argument had worn them down; nor did they hold the directors' judgment above their own, having forced that same office to reverse two earlier rulings. They simply chose to . The reassignment took effect that autumn without a word of public debate.
accede accede は出された要請や願いに応じて同意することですが、本文は「No one had asked for their consent」と、そもそも同意を求められてさえいないと明言しています。応じるべき要請が存在しないので accede は当てはまりません。
acquiesce 本文は「privately thought the decision a mistake, yet not one of them filed an objection」と、内心では誤りだと思いながら誰一人抗議しなかったと述べ、最後も「The reassignment took effect that autumn without a word of public debate」と公の議論すらないまま実行されたと書いています。不満を抱えたまま異議を唱えず受け入れる acquiesce がこの態度そのものです。
capitulate capitulate は抵抗を続けた末に屈することです。しかし本文では「not one of them filed an objection」と抵抗自体がなく、さらに「no argument had worn them down」と議論で押し切られたことも否定されています。屈服の前提となる抵抗がないため使えません。
defer defer は相手の判断を自分より上と見て譲ることですが、本文は「nor did they hold the directors' judgment above their own」とそれを正面から否定し、「having forced that same office to reverse two earlier rulings」と同じ上層部の決定を過去に覆させた実績まで挙げています。判断を上位と認めていない以上 defer にはなりません。
02
Marguerite Sorel ran the coastal field station for twenty years, and visiting researchers were struck by how easily she could be talked into a better method: she rewrote the station's sampling protocol one summer because a graduate student made a convincing case for it. Yet no one mistook her for a pushover — she argued down proposals she thought weak, and the staff parted each season on the best of terms. Her successors have never quite matched her temperament.
amenable 良い提案なら素直に受け入れて協力する姿勢が amenable です。how easily she could be talked into a better method とあり、しかも後任が never quite matched と惜しむ長所として書かれているので、プラスの「協力的な」性質が入ります。
compliant compliant は相手の言いなりになる従順さを指しますが、no one mistook her for a pushover — she argued down proposals she thought weak が、まさにそれを否定しています。彼女は弱い提案には反論していました。
discordant discordant は周囲と噛み合わず衝突することです。しかし the staff parted each season on the best of terms とあり、職場は円満でした。衝突の要素はありません。
divisive divisive は人々を対立させるマイナスの性質です。ここは後任が真似できないと惜しむ美点を表す空所なので、マイナス方向の語は入りません。
03
For nearly forty years two rival herbaria shared a single collection building, and no document governs the arrangement: no treaty was drafted, no terms were signed. The two staffs agreed about almost nothing, least of all about how the ferns should be classified, yet curators traded specimens over lunch and quietly covered one another's gaps. Historians of the field still puzzle over how their proved so durable without a single line of writing.
accord accord は結ばれた正式な協定を指しますが、no treaty was drafted, no terms were signed と明記され、さらに without a single line of writing とあります。文書化された協定は存在しません。
concord 文書も取り決めもないまま長年保たれてきた「調和した状態」が concord です。標本を融通し合い互いの穴を埋め合う関係が四十年続いた、という状態の描写に合います。
consensus consensus は集団が一つの意見でまとまることです。しかし The two staffs agreed about almost nothing とあり、シダの分類でさえ意見は一致していません。意見の一致ではなく関係の平穏が描かれています。
dissonance dissonance は噛み合わない不和を指し、方向が逆です。本文は durable(長続きした)と述べ、互いに助け合う様子を描いているので、不和では文意が通りません。
04
Ilse Norgaard designed forty-one buildings between 1948 and 1979, and not one of them carries a decorative moulding. She published no manifesto and gave no interview denouncing ornament; indeed she admired it warmly in the older buildings around her own. She had resolved, from her first commission onward, to it — a preference she kept for thirty years without once explaining it.
abjure abjure は公の場で正式に放棄を宣言することです。しかし She published no manifesto and gave no interview denouncing ornament とあり、さらに without once explaining it と続くので、宣言は一度もしていません。
eschew 宣言も説明もせず、ただ自分からは近づかない習慣的な回避が eschew です。a preference she kept for thirty years without once explaining it が、表明を伴わない個人的な回避であることを示しています。
forsake forsake は一度持っていたもの・使っていたものを捨てることです。しかし from her first commission onward とあり、最初の依頼から一度も装飾を使っていないので、「捨てた」とは言えません。
repudiate repudiate は誤りだとしてきっぱり拒絶することですが、she admired it warmly in the older buildings around her own とあり、装飾そのものの価値を否定してはいません。自分では使わないだけです。
Agreement, Unity & Refusal — 30語30 words
このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。
Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.
内訳:よい意味 9語 / わるい意味 5語 / 中立 16語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。
9 positive, 5 negative, 16 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.
| 語Word | 向き+/− | 強さStrength | 意味Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| abjure v | 0 | ●●● | to renounce or formally reject — 公に放棄する |
| accede v | 0 | ● | to agree or give in to a request — 応じる |
| accord n | + | ●● | a formal agreement — 協定 |
| acquiesce v | 0 | ● | to go along with something without protest — 黙って従うaccede は求めに応じて同意しますが、acquiesce は不満でも抗議せず受け入れることです。accede is saying yes to a request that was made of you; acquiesce is letting something happen without objecting, even when you are not happy about it. |
| adhere v | + | ●● | to stick to a thing or follow a rule faithfully — 忠実に守る |
| amalgamate v | 0 | ●● | to merge separate things into one — 統合する |
| amenable adj | + | ● | willing to cooperate — 協力的な |
| capitulate v | − | ●●● | to stop resisting and surrender — 降伏するaccede や acquiesce と違い、抵抗した末に全面的に屈することです。accede and acquiesce involve no fight at all, while capitulate is giving in completely after you have been resisting. |
| complement v | + | ● | to complete or set off something else well — 引き立てる |
| compliant adj | − | ●● | readily bending to another's wishes — 言いなりのamenable は前向きな協力、compliant は逆らわない従順さを指します。amenable is willing cooperation; compliant is bending to whatever someone wants because you never push back. |
| concede v | 0 | ●● | to admit that a point is valid — 認める |
| concord n | + | ●● | a state of harmony — 調和accord は結ばれた協定、concord は保たれている調和の状態です。an accord is an agreement that gets made or signed; concord is the state of harmony that holds between people. |
| congruity n | 0 | ● | the quality of fitting together — 一致 |
| consensus n | + | ●● | general agreement across a group — 総意 |
| consonant adj | 0 | ● | in harmony with something else — 調和した |
| defer v | 0 | ● | to yield to another's judgment; also, to postpone — 判断を譲る |
| disavow v | 0 | ●● | to deny any connection with something — 関与を否定repudiate が正面から拒絶するのに対し、disavow は関わり自体を否定します。repudiate rejects the thing itself; disavow denies that you ever had any connection to it. |
| discordant adj | − | ●● | clashing rather than blending — 不調和な |
| discrepancy n | 0 | ● | a mismatch between things that should agree — 食い違い |
| dissent v | 0 | ●● | to disagree openly with the majority — 異を唱える |
| dissonance n | 0 | ●● | a clash between things that should match — 不協和discrepancy は数字などのずれ、dissonance は噛み合わない不和を指します。a discrepancy is a gap between figures or facts that should line up; dissonance is a jarring clash between things that will not fit together. |
| divisive adj | − | ●●● | driving people into opposing camps — 分断を招く |
| eschew v | 0 | ●● | to deliberately avoid — あえて避けるabjure の正式な放棄と違い、eschew は普段から近づかないことです。abjure is formally renouncing something once and for all; eschew is deliberately staying away from it as a standing habit. |
| forsake v | − | ●●● | to give up or abandon — 見捨てる |
| reciprocate v | + | ● | to return a favor or feeling in kind — お返しする |
| reconcile v | + | ●● | to restore harmony; to make two things fit — 和解させる |
| renunciation n | 0 | ●●● | a formal giving up of something — 正式な放棄 |
| repudiate v | 0 | ●●● | to reject something flatly — きっぱり拒絶 |
| resolve v | + | ●● | to settle a dispute; also, to decide firmly — 解決する |
| retract v | 0 | ●● | to take back what you said — 撤回するdisavow は関係を否定し、retract は自分の発言を取り消すことです。disavow denies a connection to something; retract takes back words you yourself said. |
おぼえた語を、実際の設問で選べるようにする手順です。向きと強さで絞る練習をここでします。