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テーマ 08

批判と侮蔑.

Criticism, Scorn & Insult

帰国子女・インターナショナルスクール生のための、デジタルSAT の無料単語教材。独学で進められます。

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使ってみる — 4問

おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。

  1. 01

    When silver ran short during the long siege, the city's mint kept striking coins at the old face value but mixed cheap copper into every new issue. Merchants detected the change within a season, and prices in the market climbed accordingly. Historians who have studied the episode argue that the decision to       the coinage bought the treasury a few months of solvency at the cost of a generation of public distrust.

  2. 02

    In 1908 a geologist published a four-hundred-page survey of glacial deposits, and in a single footnote remarked that whoever had mapped the neighboring valley kept his field notes about as carefully as he kept his accounts. The footnote named no one, was never read aloud at any meeting of the society, and never reached the man it described. Historians of the discipline treat it as a minor       and nothing more: the geologist believed the comparison to be fair, never repeated it, and made no attempt to carry it into the journals where reputations were actually made or broken.

  3. 03

    The charter of the Royal Geographical Association allowed its council only three penalties for misconduct: expulsion, suspension, and a formal finding of fault entered in the society's permanent record. When a member was shown to have invented the dates in two expedition logs, the council was unwilling to end a forty-year membership over notebooks that were otherwise sound. At its March session it voted to       him, and the recorded vote was itself the punishment.

  4. 04

    Reviewers at the 1893 Salon were expected to be hard on the paintings; sharpness was the house style, and a wounding sentence about a canvas surprised nobody. One notice still startles readers, though, because its author barely discussed the pictures at all. He wrote instead about the painter's parentage, his debts, and his failing health, in prose the editor later admitted was less criticism than hatred set in type —       in a way the room's ordinary cruelty never was.

Criticism, Scorn & Insult — 39語39 words

このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。

Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.

内訳：よい意味 0語 ／ わるい意味 39語 ／ 中立 0語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。

0 positive, 39 negative, 0 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.

語Word向き+/−強さStrength意味Meaning
abase v−●●to humiliate someone or bring them low — 卑しめるdebase は物や価値を下げますが、abase は人の尊厳を下げます。debase lowers the worth or quality of a thing; abase lowers a person's dignity.
acerbic adj−●sharp and bitter in tone — 辛辣な
admonish v−●to warn or scold gently but firmly — 戒める
affront n−●●an open insult — 公然の侮辱
aspersion n−●●a damaging remark about someone's character — 中傷calumny は評判を壊すための嘘ですが、aspersion は人格に投げつける一言です。calumny is lies spread on purpose to wreck a reputation; an aspersion is one damaging remark thrown at someone's character.
berate v−●●to scold at length and angrily — 長々と怒鳴る
calumny n−●●●lies spread to wreck a reputation — 虚偽の中傷aspersion は一つの中傷発言ですが、calumny は評判を壊すための嘘です。an aspersion is one damaging remark aimed at someone's character; calumny is lies circulated to wreck a reputation.
carp v−●to complain about small things constantly — あら探しする
caustic adj−●●burningly sarcastic — 焼けつく皮肉acerbic より強く刺さります。ただし vitriolic ほどの憎悪はありません。caustic cuts harder than acerbic, but it lacks the hatred behind vitriolic.
censure v−●●to condemn formally and publicly — 公式に非難denounce は公然とした糾弾、censure は組織や公的機関による正式な譴責です。denounce is condemning someone out loud in public; censure is a formal reprimand handed down by an institution or official body.
chastise v−●●to punish or rebuke severely — 厳しく叱る・罰する
chide v−●to scold mildly — 軽くしかる
debase v−●●to lower the quality or dignity of something — 価値を下げるabase は人を辱めますが、debase は品質や価値そのものを落とします。abase humiliates a person; debase drags down the quality or worth of the thing itself.
decry v−●●to condemn openly — 声高に非難
defamatory adj−●●●damaging to someone's good name — 名誉毀損の
demean v−●●to treat someone as beneath their dignity — 見下して扱う
denigrate v−●●to run down someone's reputation — けなしておとしめる
denounce v−●●to condemn someone publicly — 糾弾する
deplore v−●●to regard with open disapproval or grief — 嘆き非難する
deprecate v−●to belittle or play down — 軽んじる
deride v−●●to mock openly — あざ笑うdisparage は見下した物言いですが、deride には嘲笑が伴います。disparage is speaking of someone slightingly; deride adds open mockery and laughter.
disdain n−●●contempt for something seen as beneath you — 軽蔑
disparage v−●●to speak of someone slightingly — けなすvilify は人格を徹底的に攻撃しますが、disparage は見下した物言いどまりです。vilify goes after a person's character to destroy it; disparage stops at talking about them slightingly.
disrepute n−●a fallen reputation — 評判の失墜
ignominious adj−●●●humiliating and disgraceful — 不名誉な
infamy n−●●●fame for something shameful — 悪名
invective n−●●●a torrent of abusive language — 罵詈雑言
malediction n−●●●a curse — 呪いの言葉
notorious adj−●●well known for something bad — 悪名高い
pejorative adj−●insulting in connotation — 侮蔑的な
rail v−●●to protest bitterly against something — 激しく抗議
rebuke v−●●to reprimand sharply — 鋭く叱責
reproach v−●to express disappointment in someone — 失望して責めるreprove は相手の行いを正す注意ですが、reproach は失望の表明が中心です。reprove aims at correcting what someone did; reproach is mainly letting them know you are disappointed.
reprove v−●to correct someone with a rebuke — たしなめるreproach は失望を伝えるだけですが、reprove は行いを正そうとします。reproach only voices disappointment; reprove sets out to correct the behavior.
scathing adj−●●●cuttingly harsh — 痛烈な
upbraid v−●●to scold severely — 厳しく叱る
vilify v−●●●to attack someone's character viciously — 徹底的に中傷disparage が軽く見下す程度なのに対し、vilify は人格そのものを潰しにいきます。disparage is a mild talking-down; vilify attacks the person's character itself and tries to ruin it.
vitriolic adj−●●●savagely bitter — 憎悪に満ちたscathing は批判が鋭いだけですが、vitriolic には憎しみがこもります。scathing means the criticism is sharp; vitriolic means hatred is behind it.
vituperate v−●●●to berate abusively — 口汚くののしる
次にやること
Words in Context 文脈から語を選ぶ・12問

おぼえた語を、実際の設問で選べるようにする手順です。向きと強さで絞る練習をここでします。