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テーマ 20

宗教と神聖.

Religion & the Sacred

帰国子女・インターナショナルスクール生のための、デジタルSAT の無料単語教材。独学で進められます。

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使ってみる — 4問

おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。

  1. 01

    For most of the nineteenth century, the boundaries fixed by the original county survey were treated as      . Councils argued openly about tax rates and school districts, yet no one proposed redrawing a single surveyed border, and when a historian published evidence in 1871 that the surveyors' instruments had been faulty, local newspapers attacked her for raising the question at all.

  2. 02

    The pamphlets Elias Whitcomb printed in 1843 were       in tone. Each opened with a long passage on the duty of charity and the sinfulness of profit, and each closed by naming the neighbors he judged insufficiently generous. His own ledgers, opened by his heirs decades later, show that he gave away nothing in those years and lent money at rates the town's other merchants refused to charge.

  3. 03

    The rule that governed the monastery in the fourth century was       even by the standards of its own era. Travelers who arrived expecting the monks to boast of the two meals a day, the winters without fire, and the single garment issued each year found instead that they refused to discuss them, and one visitor complained that he could not get a word about the diet out of anyone.

  4. 04

    The carnival songs that folklorists collected in the 1920s are      . They set the words of the funeral mass to dance tunes and hand the saints the vices of tavern drunkards. Village priests who had long tolerated ordinary joking about the clergy petitioned the bishop to ban these particular songs, which they said went far past teasing.

Religion & the Sacred — 14語14 words

このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。

Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.

内訳:よい意味 3語 / わるい意味 6語 / 中立 5語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。

3 positive, 6 negative, 5 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.

語Word向き+/−強さStrength意味Meaning
agnostic adj0●holding that the existence of God cannot be proven either way — 不可知論の
ascetic adj0●●practicing strict self-denial, often for religious reasons — 禁欲的な
clergy n0●the body of ordained religious officials — 聖職者
congregation n0●a body of people gathered for worship — 会衆
consecrate v+●●to set apart for a sacred purpose — 神に捧げる
defile v−●●●to make something pure unclean — 汚すdefile は清いものを汚すこと全般に使え、宗教的な対象とは限りません。desecrate は聖なるものへの冒とくに限られます。defile works for spoiling anything pure, sacred or not; desecrate is reserved for attacks on something holy.
desecrate v−●●●to treat a sacred thing with violence or contempt — 冒とくする
divine adj+●●●godly, or wonderful beyond the ordinary — 神聖な
hallowed adj+●●made holy by reverence — 神聖視された
idolatrous adj−●●worshipping something excessively — 盲目的に崇拝する
irreverence n−●a lack of respect for what others hold sacred — 不敬irreverence は軽い無礼で、からかい程度のこともあります。profane はもっと露骨で、冒とく的です。irreverence can be mild, even playful mockery of what others revere; profane is open, blatant disrespect.
profane adj−●●disrespectful toward what is sacred; also, obscene — 不敬な
sacrosanct adj0●●●too sacred to be criticized — 侵しがたいhallowed は敬われて神聖な状態を指します。sacrosanct は批判を許さないという含みで、皮肉に使われることもあります。hallowed describes something made holy by the reverence people give it; sacrosanct says it is shielded from criticism, and writers often use it ironically.
sanctimonious adj−●●putting on a false show of holiness — 信心深いふりのascetic は実際に禁欲している人に使います。sanctimonious は信心深いふりをするだけで、非難の語です。use ascetic for someone who actually practices self-denial; sanctimonious is an accusation that the holiness is only a performance.
次にやること
Words in Context 文脈から語を選ぶ・12問

おぼえた語を、実際の設問で選べるようにする手順です。向きと強さで絞る練習をここでします。