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テーマ 25

大きさと盛衰.

Size, Growth & Decline

帰国子女・インターナショナルスクール生のための、デジタルSAT の無料単語教材。独学で進められます。

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使ってみる — 4問

おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。

  1. 01

    When the field journals of the botanist Elena Marchetti were prepared for publication in 1889, her editor confronted nine hundred pages of daily entries. He decided to       them: each month's observations were compressed into two or three representative pages, and the closing chapter, in which Marchetti finally states her theory of seed dispersal, was printed in full. The result is a far shorter book that still carries the argument from first sighting to last conclusion.

  2. 02

    In her 1908 plans for the Brayton Public Library, the architect Ruth Calloway argued that a reading room should be judged by how it feels rather than by how much it holds. Her hall is broad and high-ceilinged — but so was the bare, drafty room it replaced, and readers there fled by noon. What Calloway added was deep upholstered chairs, warm lamps, and aisles wide enough to pass through without apology, so that the hall is not merely large but genuinely      . Patrons who once read in shifts now stay the whole afternoon.

  3. 03

    Kaifeng's ceramic workshops did not rise and fall in a single season. Registered kilns, export volume, and the number of apprentices climbed together through the 1080s, stayed near their highest levels for some forty years, and dropped away only after the city fell in 1127. Historians therefore date the industry's       to those forty years of sustained output, when its kilns ran at full capacity and its wares reached markets from Korea to Java.

  4. 04

    The chronicles that Bartolo Vieri composed for the Duke of Ferrara describe battles the duke never fought and allies he never held. Muster rolls kept by the duchy's own treasury during those same years record an army that never exceeded four thousand men and no new recruitment at all. Vieri's aim, recent scholars argue, was not to record his patron's power but to       it, so that rival states would hesitate before testing a reputation the duchy could not actually back.

Size, Growth & Decline — 21語21 words

このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。

Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.

内訳：よい意味 4語 ／ わるい意味 4語 ／ 中立 13語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。

4 positive, 4 negative, 13 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.

語Word向き+/−強さStrength意味Meaning
abate v0●●to lessen or die down — 和らぐ
abridge v0●●to cut down or shorten — 短くまとめる
accretion n0●gradual growth by the piling up of material — 少しずつ積もる
aggrandize v−●●●to make something seem greater or more important — 誇大に見せるaugment は実際に増やしますが、aggrandize は実態以上に大きく見せることです。augment actually adds to a thing; aggrandize only makes it look bigger or more important than it really is.
atrophy v−●●●to waste away from disuse — 萎縮する
augment v0●●to add to and enlarge — 増やす
behemoth n0●●●something enormous and powerful — 巨大な怪物
capacious adj0●●roomy — 容量が大きい
colossus n＋●●●a giant statue or towering figure — 巨像・巨人behemoth は大きく扱いにくい響きですが、colossus は称賛を込めて偉大な存在を指します。behemoth says only that something is enormous and powerful; colossus adds admiration for a towering figure people look up to.
commodious adj＋●●spacious and comfortable — 広くて快適capacious は容量の大きさだけを言い、commodious は広さに加えて快適さを含みます。capacious says only that a lot fits inside; commodious says the space is roomy and comfortable to be in.
cumulative adj0●●building on itself over time — 積み重なる
curtail v0●●to cut back — 切り詰める
diminutive adj0●●unusually small — とても小さい
distend v−●●to swell outward — 膨れ上がる
increment n0●one step in a series of increases — 一段階の増加accretion は少しずつ積もる過程で、increment は増加の一段階そのものです。accretion is the slow piling-up process itself; an increment is one single step of the increase.
nadir n−●●●the lowest point — どん底
pinnacle n＋●●●the highest point — 頂点
propagate v0●●to multiply and spread — 増殖し広がる
truncate v0●●to cut off the end of something — 末尾を切るabridge は内容を短くまとめ、truncate は末尾を切り落として途中で終わらせます。abridge shortens a work but keeps it whole; truncate cuts the end off so it stops partway.
wane v0●to shrink or fade gradually — 次第に衰えるabate は嵐や痛みが収まること、wane は影響力などが少しずつ細っていくことです。use abate for something intense dying down, like a storm or a pain, and wane for something like influence or light thinning away bit by bit.
zenith n＋●●●the highest point reached — 絶頂期pinnacle と zenith はどちらも「いちばん高いところ」という意味です。zenith は勢いや人気がいちばん高まった時期（最盛期）によく使い、反対の語 nadir（どん底）と対になります。pinnacle and zenith both mean the highest point; zenith is the one usually used for the peak of something's power or popularity, and it is the direct opposite of nadir.
次にやること
Words in Context 文脈から語を選ぶ・12問

おぼえた語を、実際の設問で選べるようにする手順です。向きと強さで絞る練習をここでします。