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テーマ 26

時間と変化.

Time, Change & Permanence

帰国子女・インターナショナルスクール生のための、デジタルSAT の無料単語教材。独学で進められます。

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使ってみる — 4問

おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。

  1. 01

    Founded in 1884 and dissolved just twenty-seven years later, the Barrow Naturalists' Society left almost nothing behind in the public record. Yet the       organization's field methods — standardized specimen tags, timed bird counts — were taken up by university departments within a decade and remain standard practice today. What ended was the institution, not its ideas.

  2. 02

    Chemists had long suspected that the reaction passed through an intermediate compound, but no one could catch it. The other short-lived species in the pathway at least held together for a measurable fraction of a second, long enough for the spectrometers of the era to register them. This intermediate formed and disappeared in the same instant, with no interval of existence to measure, leaving only its products behind. Not until laser pulses measured in femtoseconds arrived could anyone confirm that the       species had existed at all.

  3. 03

    After the patent expired in 1902, competing workshops were free to improve the loom, and historians have long expected to find a burst of refinement in the records. Instead the design was allowed to      : for the next eleven years not a single component was altered, and output per weaver held flat. Only when imported machines reached the region did anyone bother to redraw the plans.

  4. 04

    Drive past the fields north of Gaines and you will see a low, straight ridge running for half a mile. It is the last       of a canal that was filled in during the 1880s; the waterway itself is gone, and so are the warehouses that once lined it. Local maps no longer name it, and only the shape of the ground records that it was ever there.

Time, Change & Permanence — 33語33 words

このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。

Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.

内訳：よい意味 2語 ／ わるい意味 12語 ／ 中立 19語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。

2 positive, 12 negative, 19 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.

語Word向き+/−強さStrength意味Meaning
anachronistic adj−●●out of its proper place in time — 時代錯誤のarchaic は単に古いこと、anachronistic は時代が合っていないことです。archaic just says something is old; anachronistic says it is sitting in the wrong period, like a wristwatch in a Roman film.
antecedent n0●something that came before — 先行するもの
antediluvian adj−●●●extremely ancient — 化石級に古いprimeval は太古を中立に指し、antediluvian は古くさいと皮肉る語です。primeval points to the earliest ages without judging them; antediluvian mocks something for being hopelessly behind the times.
antiquated adj−●●old-fashioned and no longer suitable — 時代遅れの
archaic adj0●●belonging to an earlier age; outdated — 古風なarchaic は昔のものという中立な記述、antiquated はもう役に立たないという批判です。archaic simply records that something belongs to an earlier age; antiquated adds the complaint that it no longer does the job.
capricious adj−●●●changing suddenly and without reason — 気まぐれな
contemporaneous adj0●happening in the same period — 同時代の
defunct adj0●●no longer operating or in existence — 消滅したobsolete はまだ存在するが使われない、defunct は組織などが消滅した状態です。obsolete things still exist but nobody uses them; defunct things have stopped operating altogether, which is why it suits companies and institutions.
dither v−●to waver instead of deciding — ぐずぐず迷うdither は些細なことでぐずぐずする、vacillate は選択肢の間で本格的に揺れることです。dither is fussing over a small decision; vacillate is swinging back and forth between real alternatives.
dynamic adj＋●constantly active and changing — 活発に変化する
ephemeral adj0●●lasting only a moment — 儚く短い
evanescent adj0●●●vanishing almost as soon as it appears — 一瞬で消えるephemeral は単に短い、evanescent は現れた瞬間に消えるほど儚いことです。ephemeral just means short-lived; evanescent means gone almost the instant it appears.
exigent adj0●●demanding attention right now — 差し迫った
extant adj0●still surviving — 現存する
fickle adj−●●shifting loyalties without warning — 移り気な
hiatus n0●a gap or pause in something continuous — 中断期間
immutable adj0●●●impossible to change — 変えられないirrevocable は一度下した決定を取り消せないこと、immutable は性質そのものが変わらないことです。irrevocable describes a decision you cannot take back; immutable describes a thing whose nature cannot be altered at all.
incessant adj−●●●never letting up — 絶え間ない
interminable adj−●●●seeming to go on forever — 終わりが見えないincessant は途切れないという事実、interminable は長すぎてうんざりという主観です。incessant states the fact that something never pauses; interminable adds the speaker's impatience that it has dragged on too long.
irrevocable adj0●●●impossible to take back — 取り消せない
mercurial adj−●●quick to change mood — 気分が変わりやすいmercurial は気分の揺れ、capricious は理由のない勝手さで、capricious の方が強い語です。mercurial is about swings of mood; capricious is about acting with no reason at all, and it is the harsher charge.
metamorphosis n0●●●a complete change of form — 完全な変身
mutable adj0●liable to change — 変わりうる
nocturnal adj0●active at night — 夜行性の
obsolete adj−●●no longer in use — もう使われない
oscillate v0●to swing back and forth — 揺れ動く
primeval adj0●●●belonging to the earliest ages — 太古の
protean adj＋●●able to take many forms — 変幻自在な
quotidian adj0●daily; part of the everyday routine — 日常のありふれた
stagnate v−●●to stop moving or developing — 停滞する
transient adj0●staying only briefly — 一時的な
vacillate v−●●to swing between choices without settling — 決めかねて揺れる
vestige n0●a trace left by something now gone — かすかな痕跡extant は今も残っている本体、vestige は消えたものが残した痕跡です。extant means the thing itself is still here; a vestige is only the trace something leaves after it is gone.
次にやること
Words in Context 文脈から語を選ぶ・12問

おぼえた語を、実際の設問で選べるようにする手順です。向きと強さで絞る練習をここでします。