真偽と信念.

使ってみる — 4問

おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。

1. 01

   In 2019 the geologist Marta Okonkwo proposed that a band of iron-rich sediment in northern Chile had been laid down by a single catastrophic flood rather than by centuries of slow deposition. Her colleagues did not dispute her reasoning, which followed cleanly from established models of sediment transport; they observed only that no core sample had yet been taken deep enough to show whether the band was continuous. Okonkwo herself was careful to present the flood explanation as      , an account she hoped later fieldwork would test.

   AapocryphalBdubiousCfallaciousDspeculative

2. 02

   The charter that supposedly granted the abbey its fishing rights in 1204 withstood scrutiny for six centuries. Only in 1868, when an archivist noticed that its wording used a legal formula not adopted until the 1340s, was the document shown to be      : a later monk had steeped the parchment in tea to age it and had copied the archbishop's seal from a genuine grant stored in the same cupboard.

   AapocryphalBdubiousCmendaciousDspurious

3. 03

   A 1723 whaling log records a week of drifting sea ice off southern Iceland in midsummer, and for two centuries local histories repeated the entry as settled fact. In 2014 a team drilling sediment cores near that coast reached the layers laid down in the 1720s and found none of the gravel that drifting ice always drops when it grounds ashore; the layers held instead the shells of a snail that cannot survive a frozen sea. The cores       the log's central statement, and the crew's further assertion that a comet had driven the ice south lost the only support it had ever had.

   AallegeBcorroborateCdebunkDvalidate

4. 04

   For six years the standard citation for a claim about infant sleep was a single conference abstract that almost no one had read past its summary. Reviewers waved the claim through, textbooks repeated it, and grant panels treated it as settled; not one of them asked for the data table, which the abstract had never contained. When a graduate student finally obtained the original recordings in 2019, she found that the study had followed eleven infants for one night each. What the episode exposed was less any dishonesty on the original author's part — she had described her sample accurately in a talk no one attended — than the       of a field that had gone six years without asking a question.

   AcandorBcredulityChypocrisyDveracity

Truth, Falsehood & Belief — 16語16 words

このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。

Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.

内訳：よい意味 6語 ／ わるい意味 7語 ／ 中立 3語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。

6 positive, 7 negative, 3 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.