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テーマ 31

平凡と奇異.

The Typical, the Odd & the Unoriginal

帰国子女・インターナショナルスクール生のための、デジタルSAT の無料単語教材。独学で進められます。

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使ってみる — 4問

おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。

  1. 01

    When Mireille Sauveterre entered art history in the 1970s, the field treated Renaissance drawing manuals as something close to sacred texts. Sauveterre was no outsider: she sat on the discipline's grant committees, edited its leading journal, and trained a generation of its graduate students. Yet in those same years she devoted three books to attacking precisely the assumptions her colleagues most revered. Even reviewers who rejected her conclusions came to admit that the discipline had needed its      .

  2. 02

    Critics at the 1911 premiere of Emil Vasse's Second Symphony struggled to name what was wrong with it. The orchestration was skillful, yet nearly every gesture in the first movement — the hushed string opening, the brass fanfare at the climax — reproduced, sometimes bar for bar, a symphony Clara Dietrich had published a decade earlier. What the audience heard was not a new voice; measured against Dietrich's score, Vasse's symphony is      .

  3. 03

    The pamphlets the ministry mailed to new mothers in 1954 promised practical guidance and delivered almost none. Page after page announced that a healthy child begins with a healthy home, or that patience rewards the patient parent — sentences that sounded like wisdom while telling a reader nothing she did not already know. Strip away the warm tone and each page collapses into the same weary      , dressed up in a dozen different phrasings.

  4. 04

    Biographers of the geologist Thomas Kerr like to describe his habit of rewriting field notes at midnight as something he was born with. The early notebooks complicate the story: through his twenties Kerr wrote up observations whenever the light allowed, at no fixed hour at all. The midnight sessions begin only after 1889, and after that they never stop. What his biographers take for a natural disposition is better called an       habit, four decades in the making.

The Typical, the Odd & the Unoriginal — 40語40 words

このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。

Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.

内訳：よい意味 9語 ／ わるい意味 16語 ／ 中立 15語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。

9 positive, 16 negative, 15 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.

語Word向き+/−強さStrength意味Meaning
aberration n−●●●something that departs from what is normal — 異常な逸脱anomaly は中立的な例外ですが、aberration は異常で望ましくないという含みがあります。anomaly just marks something that falls outside the pattern; aberration says the departure is wrong and unwelcome.
anomaly n0●●something that breaks the expected pattern — 異例・例外
archetypal adj0●●serving as the original model or purest example — 典型そのもの
atypical adj0●not the usual case — 普通ではない
banal adj−●●●dull from being used too often — 陳腐で退屈
conformist n−●●someone who does what everyone else does — 周りに合わせる人
convention n0●an accepted custom; also, a large meeting — 慣習・しきたり
decorous adj＋●●proper for the occasion — 場にふさわしい
derivative adj−●●copied from an earlier source; unoriginal — 二番煎じ
disparate adj0●●so different that comparison is hard — まるで別物heterogeneous は一つの集団の中身が雑多なこと、disparate は比べても共通点がないほど別物だということです。heterogeneous describes one group whose parts are mixed; disparate describes things so unlike each other that there is no common ground to compare them on.
eclectic adj＋●●drawn from a wide mix of sources — 幅広く選び取ったheterogeneous はただ雑多なだけですが、eclectic は幅広く選び取ったという褒め言葉です。heterogeneous only says the mix is there; eclectic is praise for deliberately choosing from a wide range of sources.
emulate v＋●●to imitate someone you admire — 見習って真似るderivative は独創性のない真似、emulate は尊敬する相手から学ぶ真似です。derivative work copies an earlier source and adds nothing of its own; you emulate someone because you admire them and want to reach their level.
epitome n0●●the purest example of a quality — まさに典型良い例にも悪い例にも使えます。paragon は必ず褒め言葉です。epitome fits a bad example as readily as a good one (the epitome of laziness); paragon is only ever praise.
hackneyed adj−●●●worn out from overuse — 手垢がついたtrite より強い非難で、使われ過ぎて完全にすり切れた表現を指します。trite says a phrase has gone stale; hackneyed is the harsher charge that it has been repeated until nothing is left of it.
heterogeneous adj0●made of varied, unlike parts — 雑多な寄せ集め
iconoclast n0●●●someone who attacks cherished beliefs — 常識を壊す人maverick は一人で我が道を行く人、iconoclast は皆が尊ぶものを攻撃する人です。a maverick simply goes his own way; an iconoclast goes after the beliefs other people hold sacred.
idiosyncratic adj0●●peculiar to one person — その人特有の
innate adj0●present from birth — 生まれつきの
innovate v＋●●to do something in a way never tried before — 新しく生み出す
insipid adj−●●flavorless and dull — 味気ない
inure v0●to make someone used to something unpleasant — 嫌なことに慣らす
inveterate adj−●●fixed by long habit — 根っからのinnate は生まれつきですが、inveterate は長年の習慣で固まった性質です。innate traits are there from birth; an inveterate one was built up by years of repeating it.
maverick n＋●●an independent who refuses to follow the herd — 一匹狼
mundane adj−●ordinary and of this world — ありふれた
nondescript adj−●having no distinctive features — 特徴がない
orthodox adj0●●following established practice — 正統・従来通り
paradigm n0●●the model everything else is measured against — 基準となる型
paragon n＋●●●a flawless example of a quality — 完璧な手本
platitude n−●●a tired remark offered as wisdom — 月並みな決まり文句
propriety n＋●●correct and decent behavior — 礼儀・節度
prosaic adj−●●plain and without imagination — 平凡で味気ない
puerile adj−●●●childish for one's age — 幼稚でばかげた
quaint adj＋●charmingly old-fashioned — 古風で趣がある
quixotic adj0●●nobly idealistic but impractical — 非現実的な理想理想の高さは認めつつ非現実的だと言う語で、褒めとけなしの両方を含みます。quixotic grants that the aim is noble and in the same breath says it will never work, so it praises and criticizes at once.
sophomoric adj−●●immature and half-informed — 未熟で浅はかpuerile は幼児並みと切り捨てる強い言葉、sophomoric は生かじりの未熟さを指します。puerile dismisses someone as acting like a small child; sophomoric is for someone who has learned a little and thinks it is enough.
tedious adj−●●boring because it drags on — 長くて退屈
trite adj−●●stale from repetition — 使い古された
uncanny adj0●●●strange in a way that feels supernatural — 不気味・異様文脈で良くも悪くもなります。uncanny ability のように褒め言葉にもなります。uncanny goes either way depending on context: an uncanny silence is unsettling, an uncanny ability is a compliment.
vapid adj−●●●flat and lifeless — 中身が空っぽinsipid は味気ない程度ですが、vapid は中身が空っぽだという強い非難です。insipid says a thing has no flavor to it; vapid is the stronger charge that there is nothing inside at all.
whimsical adj＋●●playfully fanciful — 遊び心のある
次にやること
Words in Context 文脈から語を選ぶ・12問

おぼえた語を、実際の設問で選べるようにする手順です。向きと強さで絞る練習をここでします。