← SAT単語 テーマ一覧

テーマ 23

富と貧困.

Wealth, Poverty & Generosity

帰国子女・インターナショナルスクール生のための、デジタルSAT の無料単語教材。独学で進められます。

表示

読み込み中…

使ってみる — 4問

おぼえたかどうかではなく、文に合う語を選べるかを試します。 選択肢はすべて、このテーマの語です。意味の遠い語は混ぜていません。 だから「よい意味か、わるい意味か」と「どのくらい強いか」で絞るのが、そのまま解き方になります。

  1. 01

    Historians who open the ledgers of the Ashford University Press for the years 1890 to 1914 find an institution that remained       without ever growing rich. Every season the press paid its printers on the agreed date and settled its paper bills in full, yet it closed each year with a margin so thin that the whole of it went straight into the next season's titles. Nothing was spent on anything but printing.

  2. 02

    For the two winters before his appointment to the conservatory, the violinist Étienne Ruiz was      : he borrowed from fellow students to make each month's rent and pawned a spare bow more than once. His letters are clear that he never went without meals or a room, and that the shortage ended the week his salary began.

  3. 03

    When the flood of 1806 carried off the aqueduct at Santa Rosa, the repair was paid for out of a single pocket. Dona Beatriz Herrera summoned the master mason herself, covered the stone and the wages for three years, and added a fountain in the plaza that no one had asked for. She refused the subscription the merchants offered and never put the work before the council: the whole of it came down from her house as      , and the city was told what it would receive rather than asked what it needed.

  4. 04

    The physicist Arthur Vane died leaving an estate of more than four million pounds, but colleagues who stayed at his house in Cambridge described the household as      : unlit corridors, a fire laid only when guests were expected, and laboratory instruments he refused to replace years after they had stopped giving reliable readings. His biographers are careful to say that the habit was not ordinary thrift: it cost Vane measurements he could never recover.

Wealth, Poverty & Generosity — 22語22 words

このテーマの全語です。定義を隠して、 よい意味・わるい意味・中立の三つに分けてみるのが、いちばん効く使い方です。 分け間違えた語が、そのまま自分の弱点になります。

Every word in this theme. The best use of it is to cover the meanings and sort the list into positive, negative and neutral. Whichever ones you put in the wrong pile are exactly your weak spots.

内訳:よい意味 6語 / わるい意味 11語 / 中立 5語。 強さはこのテーマの中での相対です。テーマをまたいで比べる数字ではありません。

6 positive, 11 negative, 5 neutral. Strength is ranked within this theme only — the numbers are not comparable across themes.

語Word向き+/−強さStrength意味Meaning
affluent adj+●●wealthy — 裕福な
avarice n−●●greed for wealth — 強欲
bequeath v0●to leave property to someone in a will — 遺言で残す
collateral adj0●secondary; as a noun, property pledged against a loan — 担保/二次的
compensate v0●to pay someone back for a loss — 補償する
cupidity n−●●●a burning greed — 激しい強欲avarice と同じ強欲ですが、cupidity の方が激しく燃えるような欲です。cupidity and avarice are the same greed for wealth, but cupidity is the burning, out-of-control version.
destitute adj−●●●lacking even the basics — 極貧の
frugal adj+●careful with money — 倹約なstingy や parsimony が非難なのに対し、frugal は褒め言葉です。frugal praises you for watching your money, while stingy and parsimonious blame you for refusing to spend or give at all.
impecunious adj−●●having no money — 金欠のdestitute や indigent のような深刻な貧困ではなく、一時的にお金がない状態です。destitute and indigent mean deep poverty with nothing to fall back on, while impecunious just means being out of money for now.
indigent adj−●●●desperately poor — 困窮した
largess n+●●generous giving on a grand scale — 気前のよい施しphilanthropic が公益への寄付を指すのに対し、largess は上の立場から施す含みがあります。philanthropic giving goes to good causes, while largess is grand giving handed down by someone in a superior position.
lavish adj0●●given without limit — 惜しみない文脈次第で褒め言葉にも批判にもなります。必ず非難になるのは profligate です。lavish can be praise or criticism depending on the context, but profligate is always a criticism.
munificence n+●●●great generosity in giving — 大盤振る舞い
parsimony n−●●●extreme unwillingness to spend — 極端なけち
penurious adj−●●●miserly; also, extremely poor — ひどくけちな・極貧の「ひどくけちな」と「ひどく貧しい」の二つの意味があります。お金があるのに出さない人に使えば parsimony と同じけち、お金がない人に使えば indigent と同じ貧しさです。文の中で、その人がお金を持っているかどうかを確かめてください。penurious has two senses: extremely stingy, like parsimony, and extremely poor, like indigent. Check whether the person actually has money: if they do, it means stingy.
philanthropic adj+●●giving generously to good causes — 慈善的な
pittance n−●●an insultingly small sum — すずめの涙
privation n−●●the state of going without necessities — 生活の欠乏
procure v0●to obtain, often with effort — 調達する
profligate adj−●●●wasteful and dissolute — 浪費と放蕩
solvent adj+●able to pay one's debts — 借金を返せるaffluent は裕福という意味ですが、solvent は借金を払える程度という意味です。affluent means having plenty of money, while solvent only means being able to cover your debts.
stingy adj−●●unwilling to give or spend — けちな
次にやること
Words in Context 文脈から語を選ぶ・12問

おぼえた語を、実際の設問で選べるようにする手順です。向きと強さで絞る練習をここでします。